The seven key concepts of the DTC Digital Twin System Interoperability Framework are:

• System-Centric Design – enables collaboration across and within disciplines—mechanical, electronic, and software—creating systems of systems within a domain and across multiple domains.
• Model-Based Approach – with millions and billions of interconnections implemented daily, designers can codify, standardize, identify, and reuse models in various use cases in the field.
• Holistic Information Flow – facilitates an understanding of the real world for optimal decision-making, where the “world” can be a building, utility, city, country, or other dynamic environment.
• State-Based Interactions – the state of an entity (system)encompasses all the entity’s static and dynamic attribute values at a point in time.
• Federated Repositories – optimal decision-making requires accessing and correlating distributed, heterogeneous information across multiple dimensions of a digital twin, spanning time and lifecycle.
• Actionable Information – ensures that information exchanged between constituent systems enables effective action.
• Scalable Mechanisms – ensures interoperability mechanism(s)are inherently scalable from the simplest interoperation of two systems to the interoperability of a dynamic coalition of distributed, autonomous, and heterogeneous systems within a complex and global ecosystem.